Depending on the sculptural forms and concepts, a few primary materials employed are; copper, glass, and steel. Some of the elements in Stephen’s work range from; hammered surfaces which have an organic aesthetic while overall forms tend to have clean lines with a minimalist approach yet are monolithic in presence. Some aesthetics are large-scale filigree in the metal that allows a viewer to see through the organic forms, while similar manipulation of glass elements are stacked to create positive and negative spaces. All pieces are affected by the orientation of light to unveil the personality of the sculptures, which create a 4th dimension of shadows and reflection as they emerge to produce an element of surprise.